Manifesto Builder

Economic Policy Ideas

Black Nationalism
Advocated for the empowerment and self-determination of Black people worldwide, emphasizing racial pride and unity.
IdeologyMarcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
Founded the UNIA to promote global Black solidarity, economic independence, and the establishment of a Black nation.
Organizational LegacyMarcus Garvey
Back-to-Africa Movement
Encouraged the return of the African diaspora to Africa to build a self-sufficient Black nation.
Repatriation and Pan-AfricanismMarcus Garvey
Economic Self-Reliance
Promoted Black-owned businesses and economic independence as a means to achieve racial equality.
Economic PhilosophyMarcus Garvey
Black Star Line
Established a shipping company to facilitate trade and transportation among Black communities worldwide.
Economic EmpowermentMarcus Garvey
Racial Pride and Identity
Emphasized the importance of embracing African heritage and rejecting Eurocentric standards of beauty and culture.
Cultural AdvocacyMarcus Garvey
Critique of Integration
Opposed integrationist approaches, arguing that Black people should build their own institutions and communities.
Political StrategyMarcus Garvey
Global Black Solidarity
Advocated for unity among people of African descent worldwide to combat colonialism and racism.
Global AdvocacyMarcus Garvey
Negro World Newspaper
Published this newspaper to spread his ideas and mobilize Black communities globally.
Media and CommunicationMarcus Garvey
Emphasis on Self-Defense
Encouraged Black people to defend themselves against racial violence and oppression.
Social and Political VisionMarcus Garvey
The Talented Tenth
Advocated for the higher education of the most talented 10% of Black Americans to lead the race toward progress.
Educational PhilosophyW.E.B. Du Bois
Immediate Civil Rights Advocacy
Demanded immediate political and social equality for Black Americans, rejecting gradualism.
Civil Rights StrategyW.E.B. Du Bois
Niagara Movement
Co-founded this movement to fight for civil rights and oppose Booker T. Washington's accommodationist policies.
Activism and AdvocacyW.E.B. Du Bois
NAACP Founding
Played a key role in founding the NAACP to fight for racial justice and equality through legal and political means.
Institutional LegacyW.E.B. Du Bois
Economic Justice and Labor Rights
Supported labor unions and economic policies that addressed racial and class inequalities.
Economic PolicyW.E.B. Du Bois
Critique of Capitalism
Criticized capitalism for perpetuating racial and economic exploitation, advocating for systemic change.
Economic PhilosophyW.E.B. Du Bois
Pan-Africanism
Promoted global solidarity among people of African descent to combat colonialism and racism.
Global AdvocacyW.E.B. Du Bois
The Souls of Black Folk
Authored this seminal work highlighting the duality of Black identity and the struggle for equality in America.
Literary ContributionW.E.B. Du Bois
Higher Education Advocacy
Emphasized the importance of liberal arts education and intellectual development for Black Americans.
Educational StrategyW.E.B. Du Bois
Intersection of Race and Class
Argued that racial inequality could not be addressed without also addressing economic inequality.
Social and Economic VisionW.E.B. Du Bois
Economic Self-Sufficiency and Vocational Education for Black Americans
Advocated vocational training and economic independence as a pathway to racial equality.
Economic PhilosophyBooker T. Washington
Focus on Practical Skills
Promoted vocational education in trades like agriculture, carpentry, and mechanics.
Education StrategyBooker T. Washington
Tuskegee Institute
Founded Tuskegee to provide vocational and industrial education for Black Americans.
Institutional LegacyBooker T. Washington
Gradual Approach to Civil Rights
Believed economic progress should precede demands for political and social equality.
Civil Rights StrategyBooker T. Washington
Entrepreneurship and Black-Owned Businesses
Encouraged Black Americans to start businesses and build wealth within their communities.
Economic EmpowermentBooker T. Washington
Agricultural Development
Emphasized agriculture as a key area for economic advancement in the South.
Economic DevelopmentBooker T. Washington
Industrial Education
Supported training for Black Americans to work in emerging industries.
Workforce DevelopmentBooker T. Washington
Alliances with White Philanthropists
Sought funding and support from white leaders to advance Black economic initiatives.
Strategic PartnershipsBooker T. Washington
Self-Help and Hard Work
Stressed the importance of self-reliance and proving worth through economic success.
Personal DevelopmentBooker T. Washington
Economic Progress as a Path to Equality
Believed economic stability would lead to greater social and political acceptance.
Social and Economic VisionBooker T. Washington

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